To: WSFAlist at keithlynch.net Date: Sat, 28 Jun 2003 01:22:30 -0400 Subject: [WSFA] fw: one more thing to worry about From: ronkean at juno.com Reply-To: WSFA members <WSFAlist at keithlynch.net> http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.07/doomsday_pr.html Chain reactions The fear that scientists tinkering with the elementary components of matter might unleash disaster has a rich and distinguished history. Before the detonation of the first atomic bomb at Trinity Site in 1945, Robert Oppenheimer worried that the unprecedented heat might spark a fusion chain reaction in the atmosphere. Physicist Hans Bethe performed calculations proving the planet wouldn't ignite, and the test went ahead. The possibility of runaway chain reactions reemerged when scientists began deploying advanced particle accelerators, like the Cosmotron built at Long Island's Brookhaven National Labs in 1952. Some scientists worried that slamming protons into antiprotons at extremely high velocities might generate an unnatural subatomic template to which other particles would bind, collapsing matter into a void, possibly for vast distances. Panels of earnest researchers met to discuss whether high-energy physics experiments might crush the planet out of existence. They decided the risk was insignificant, but their concern was reflected in Kurt Vonnegut's 1963 novel Cat's Cradle, in which a researcher inadvertently creates "ice-nine," a template molecule that turns water into a solid at room temperature. When a bit of the stuff falls into the sea, all water on Earth quickly solidifies, including the water in living things. Martin Rees, who has taken part in panels evaluating the safety of particle accelerators, has revived the idea that high-energy physics could accidentally destroy the world. In his new book, Our Final Hour, Rees worries that power improvements in atom smashers like Brookhaven's new Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider might make these machines capable of creating a black hole that would scarf up the globe. Ever more powerful accelerators, he fears, might create a "strangelet" of ultracompressed quarks - the smallest known units of matter - that would serve as an ice-nine for the entire universe, causing all matter to bind to the strangelet and disappear. Since, fundamentally, matter seems to be made of very rapidly spinning nothingness, there may be no reason why it couldn't spontaneously return to nothing. "The present vacuum could be fragile and unstable," Rees frets in his book. A particle accelerator might cause a tiny bit of space to undergo a "phase transition" back to the primordial not-anything condition that preceded the big bang. Nothingness would expand at the speed of light, deleting everything in its path. Owing to light speed, not even advanced aliens would see the mega-destructo wave front coming. In other words, a careless Brookhaven postdoc chopsticking Chinese takeout might inadvertently destroy the cosmos. . ________________________________________________________________